1 publications mentioning ata-MIR156d

Open access articles that are associated with the species Aegilops tauschii and mention the gene name MIR156d. Click the [+] symbols to view sentences that include the gene name, or the word cloud on the right for a summary.

1

miR156 molecules decrease the expression of miR172 through the cleavage of SPL transcripts, and miR172 directly down-regulates APETALA2-like genes TOE1 and TOE2 to promote the transition from vegetative to reproductive phase [68].

Therefore, the down-regulation of wheat AP1/ FUL-type MADS-box genes could be due to the increased miR156 expression.

In addition, miR156 overexpression results in down-regulation of SPLs and in morphological changes including dwarfism, increased tiller number and late flowering in maize, switchgrass and rice [29, 66, 67], which have phenotypes that closely resemble the phenotype of the grass-clump dwarf lines [18].

Expression analysis of the miR156 -targeted wheat SPLs.

0176497.g009 Fig 9Expression analysis of the miR156 -targeted wheat SPLs.

Thus, the excess tiller numbers and dwarfism could be caused by the increased miR156 expression and repressed TaSPL expression in the grass-clump dwarf lines.

S3 FigRecent reports have shown [51, 63] that the underlined SPL genes contain the miR156-target site, and their transcripts are directly cleaved by miR156 in Arabidopsis and rice.

On the other hand, the transcript levels of SPLs, direct targets of miR156 [29, 50, 66], were significantly decreased in crown tissues of the grass-clump dwarf lines.

The present study showed that at least four TaSPLs could be direct targets of miR156 in the crown tissues of wheat.

On the other hand, Arabidopsis SPLs directly activate flowering promoting the MADS-box genes FUL and SOC1, and miR156 molecules negatively regulate the MADS-box genes through the cleavage of SPL transcripts [69].

One of six 5’-ends of the TaSPL mRNA was found in the target region of tae-miR156 molecules.

Expression analysis of miR156 and SPL genesIn common wheat, several miR156 molecules have been previously identified, and their sequences are well conserved with those of other plant species [62].

Therefore, the increase in miR156 expression might induce lower miR172 levels, whereas no significant change in the miR172 levels in response to the growth temperature was observed in the crown tissues of the grass-clump dwarf lines.

Based on reports in which interaction between miR156 and SPLs of Arabidopsis and rice were confirmed [50, 63], four TaSPLs were selected; the target sites of the five tae-miR156 molecules were present in the coding regions of the four TaSPLs (Fig 9A).

The reverse complement of five tae-miR156 targeting sites to the four TaSPL sequences is represented in bold letters.

Overexpression of miR156 results in the extremely bushy dwarf phenotype of maize Corngrass1 (Cg1) mutants [29], and the Cg1 phenotype strongly resembles the grass-clump dwarf phenotype of wheat hybrids [18].

Expression analysis of miR156 and SPL genes.

Especially, unusual expression patterns of the miR156/ SPLs module could well explain the grass-clump dwarf phenotype.

LT treatment dramatically inhibited miR156 accumulation in the crown tissues, and the miR156 molecules were more abundantly accumulated in the grass-clump dwarf lines than in WT lines under normal temperature.

67 Hayashi-Tsugane M, Maekawa M, Tsugane K (2015) A gain-of-function Bushy dwarf tiller 1 mutation in rice microRNA gene miR156d caused by insertion of the DNA transposon nDart1.

SPL genes are associated with regulation of tillering and branching through interaction with miR156 in maize, rice and Arabidopsis [29, 50, 63].

Namely, the Net1- Net2 interaction regulates the temperature -dependent phenotypic plasticity through the miR156/ SPLs module in the wheat crown tissues.

The molecular mechanisms controlling the miR156/ SPLs module regulation via the Net1- Net2 interaction are unknown.

Some miRNAs including miR156, miR159 miR169 and miR319 are associated with coordination of the relationship between development and stress responses [61].

In the grass-clump dwarf, modification of the miR156/ SPLs module occurs at the shoot apical meristem of the crown tissues under normal temperature.

In addition to these plant species, cleavage of an SPL mRNA via miR156 was previously confirmed in common wheat [64, 65].

Here, we report mRNA and miRNA transcriptome analyses in type II necrosis lines under distinct growth temperatures, and discuss association of miR156 with the grass-clump dwarf phenotype in the ABD triploids.

Thus, the Net1- Net2 interaction appears to control the miR156/ SPLs module in response to the growth temperature in the wheat ABD hybrids and synthetic hexaploids.

Comparison of transcript accumulation of the three miR156 molecules in the WT and type II necrosis/grass-clump dwarf lines.

For the grass-clump dwarf phenotype, unusual expression of only the miR156/ SPLs module could at least partly explain the three characteristics of dwarfism, excess tillers and late flowering under normal temperature.

Our observations here show that the miR156/ SPLs module is at least partly associated with the grass-clump dwarf phenotype in the type II necrosis lines of synthetic hexaploid wheat.

Moreover, the miR156/ SPLs module also controls flowering time in Arabidopsis.

Recent reports showed that wheat miR156 cleaves a TaSPL mRNA [64, 65].

miR396, miR5054, miR156 and miR5072 showed lower responsiveness to the growth temperature in Ldn/KU-2059 than in Ldn/KU-2025 (Table 6).

In common wheat, several miR156 molecules have been previously identified, and their sequences are well conserved with those of other plant species [62].

Accumulation of miR156 molecules was altered in response to the growth temperature in the crown tissues of wheat synthetic hexaploids (Fig 8).

The Net1- Net2 interaction induces the growth abnormalities: necrotic cell death triggered by an autoimmune response under LT and the grass-clump dwarf phenotype induced through the miR156/ SPLs module under normal temperature.

A similar difference in the miR156 levels was confirmed between Ldn/KU-2059 and Ldn/KU-2025 under normal temperature, and the accumulation of the miR156 molecules was dramatically repressed by LT treatment in the crown tissues of both WT and type II necrosis lines (Fig 8B).