5 publications mentioning vvi-MIR396c

Open access articles that are associated with the species Vitis vinifera and mention the gene name MIR396c. Click the [+] symbols to view sentences that include the gene name, or the word cloud on the right for a summary.

1

For example, in GRSPaV-free grapevines, miR166 and miR396 were down-regulated by drought, similar to their reported expression in O. Sativa 37; miR168 was up-regulated in Arabidopsis thaliana, in agreement with its response to ABA-inducing stresses 16 and miR156, miR167 and miR397 were not affected by drought in grapevine, thus confirming their species-specific drought response 35 38.

In infected plants, miR166, miR319, miR396, miR3631, mi3633 and miR3639 were down-regulated in SWS, whereas miR168, miR482, miR535, miR2111, miR3624 and miR3634 were up-regulated (Fig. 2, Supplementary Fig. S4).

In Arabidopsis, the overexpression of miR396 and repression of its targets (Growth -regulating factors), result in leaves with fewer cells, a lower stomatal density and an increased drought tolerance 43 44.

Relative expression levels of miR396, miR156, and miR164 and their respective targets in Grapevine rupestris stem pitting -associated virus(GRSPaV)-free and infected ‘Bosco’ leaves as determined by qRT-PCR.

For example, in infected grapevines, we observed that the regulation of some miRNAs and their targets involved in leaf development was influenced by virus infection (miR156, miR164, miR319, miR394, miR396; Fig. 2, Supplementary Fig. S4).

This gene was more highly expressed in infected leaves in the WW treatment, than in uninfected leaves, showing a negative correlation with the expression of miR396 (Fig. 2, left-upper panel).

Growth -regulating factor 5 (VvGRF5, VIT_16s0039g01450) is a target of miR396, and was previously predicted by an bioinformatic approach and was confirmed in ‘Bosco’ by 5′-RACE analysis (Fig. 4).

For miR396 the target gene VIT_16s0039g01450 was predicted by bioinformatics and confirmed by 5′-RACE.

No change in the expression of either VvGRF5 or miR396 was observed in the WS and SWS treatments (Fig. 2, right-upper panel).

Our data suggest that the virus -induced changes in miRNA expression between WW and SWS conditions; in particular, the presence of GRSPaV, significantly affected the accumulation of miR156, miR164, miR166, miR394, miR396, and miR3639 in response to SWS (Fig. 2, Supplementary Fig. S4) and the relevance of this is discussed later.

Notably, we observed higher levels of miR396, a decrease in the transcript level of VvGRF5 and a reduction in both stomata and cell numbers only in GRSPaV-free grapevines in the WW treatment (Figs 2 and 5).

2

Four miRNAs (miR171c, miR172c, miR396c, miR403a) are, on the contrary, more expressed in green berries, their expression decreasing during ripening (Figure 3C).

The mir396 family targets seven Growth Regulating Factor (GRF) genes in Arabidopsis [13].

miR396c shows 6 fold decrease in expression during ripening.

A potential role for miR396 in the regulation of cell expansion during fruit maturation is an intriguing hypothesis.

In addition, recent data also link miR396 to responses to abiotic stresses including drought [37], again suggesting the importance of water homeostasis during berry ripening.

In some cases, the most commonly observed sequences were identical to at least one of the predicted mature sequences (notably: miR156, miR160, miR164, miR167, miR169, miR172, miR394, miR399) while for other families, the predominant mature miRNA sequenced exhibited small variations (shifts or differences of length of one or two bases) with respect to the predicted mature sequences (e. g. miR166, miR393, miR395, miR396, miR408).

A similar situation is observed for the miR396 family.

For some families, thousands or even hundreds of thousands of short RNA sequences were recovered (miR156, miR164, miR166, miR167, miR172, miR393, miR396), while less than 1000 sequences corresponded to each of the remaining represented families.

3

Four miRNAs (miR171c, miR172c, miR396c, miR403a) are, on the contrary, more expressed in green berries, their expression decreasing during ripening (Figure 2C).

The mir396 family targets seven Growth Regulating Factor (GRF) genes in Arabidopsis [14].

miR396c shows 6 fold decrease in expression during ripening.

A potential role for miR396 in the regulation of cell expansion during fruit maturation is an intriguing hypothesis.

A similar situation is observed for the miR396 family.

Mapping of the short tags onto the genome sequence revealed that of the 28 families predicted by our comparative analysis, 23 showed at least one sequence tag either in exact or very close correspondence to the position of one of the predicted mature sequences (the exceptions being miR395, miR396, miR477, miR828 and miR845).

In addition, recent data also link miR396 to responses to abiotic stresses including drought [38], again suggesting the importance of water homeostasis during berry ripening.

4

Furthermore, vvi-miR396, which targets Growth Regulating Factor genes (GRF) appears to be involved in berry development.

5

In grape, 56 RNA -dependent DNA polymerase genes are potentially targeted by miR396 and miR846, a phenomenon not reported in other plant species.