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miR-138 is a family of microRNA precursors found in animals, including humans. MicroRNAs are typically transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide product. The excised region or, mature product, of the miR-138 precursor is the microRNA mir-138.
miR-138 has been used as an example of the post-transcriptional regulation of miRNA, due to the finding that while the precursor is expressed ubiquitously, the mature product is found only in specific cell types.
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miR-138 is a family of microRNA precursors found in animals, including humans.[1] MicroRNAs are typically transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide product.[2] The excised region or, mature product, of the miR-138 precursor is the microRNA mir-138.
miR-138 has been used as an example of the post-transcriptional regulation of miRNA, due to the finding that while the precursor is expressed ubiquitously, the mature product is found only in specific cell types.[3]
[edit] Function
In humans, downregulation of miR-138 has been reported in several types of cancer cell.[4] The microRNA has also been shown to interact with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a key regulator of cancer cells.[5] Furthermore, mir-138 is linked with DNA damage repair through the modified histone protein encoded by H2AFX.[6]
In the Zebrafish, tha mature form of miR-138 regulates gene expression influencing cardiac development.[7]
[edit] References
- ^ Landgraf, P; Rusu, M, Sheridan, R, Sewer, A, Iovino, N, Aravin, A, Pfeffer, S, Rice, A et al. (2007 Jun 29). "A mammalian microRNA expression atlas based on small RNA library sequencing.". Cell 129 (7): 1401–14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.04.040. PMC 2681231. PMID 17604727. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2681231.
- ^ Ambros, V (2001). "microRNAs: tiny regulators with great potential". Cell 107 (7): 823–826. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00616-X. PMID 11779458.
- ^ Obernosterer, G; Leuschner, PJ, Alenius, M, Martinez, J (2006 Jul). "Post-transcriptional regulation of microRNA expression.". RNA (New York, N.Y.) 12 (7): 1161–7. doi:10.1261/rna.2322506. PMC 1484437. PMID 16738409. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1484437.
- ^ Liu, X; Wang, C, Chen, Z, Jin, Y, Wang, Y, Kolokythas, A, Dai, Y, Zhou, X (2011 Jul 19). "MicroRNA-138 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.". The Biochemical journal 440 (1): 23–31. doi:10.1042/BJ20111006. PMID 21770894.
- ^ Song, T; Zhang, X, Wang, C, Wu, Y, Cai, W, Gao, J, Hong, B (2011). "MiR-138 Suppresses Expression of Hypoxia-inducible factor 1? (HIF-1?) in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma 786-O Cells.". Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 12 (5): 1307–11. PMID 21875287.
- ^ Wang, Y; Huang, JW, Li, M, Cavenee, WK, Mitchell, PS, Zhou, X, Tewari, M, Furnari, FB, Taniguchi, T (2011 Aug). "MicroRNA-138 Modulates DNA Damage Response by Repressing Histone H2AX Expression.". Molecular cancer research : MCR 9 (8): 1100–11. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-11-0007. PMC 3157593. PMID 21693595. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3157593.
- ^ Morton, SU; Scherz, PJ, Cordes, KR, Ivey, KN, Stainier, DY, Srivastava, D (2008 Nov 18). "microRNA-138 modulates cardiac patterning during embryonic development.". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 (46): 17830–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.0804673105. PMC 2582580. PMID 19004786. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2582580.
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