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In molecular biology mir-221 microRNA (and it's paralogue, mir-222) is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
mir-221 is an oncogenic microRNA. It targets CD117, which then prevents cell migration and proliferation in endothelial cells. miR-221 is known as an anti angiogenic miRNA. Recent important studies have reported that miR-221 is also involved in induction of angiogenesis. RNA induced Silencing Complex (RISC) proteins SND1 and AEG-1 induces miR-221 expression in Liver cancer. In liver cancer miR-221 induces the tumor angiogenesis.
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In molecular biology mir-221 microRNA (and it's paralogue, mir-222) is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
mir-221 is an oncogenic microRNA.[1] It targets CD117, which then prevents cell migration and proliferation in endothelial cells.[2][3] miR-221 is known as an anti angiogenic miRNA.[4][5] Recent important studies have reported that miR-221 is also involved in induction of angiogenesis.[6][7][8] RNA induced Silencing Complex (RISC) proteins SND1 and AEG-1 induces miR-221 expression in Liver cancer.[9] In liver cancer miR-221 induces the tumor angiogenesis.[6]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
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- ^ Vasilatou, D; Papageorgiou, S, Pappa, V, Papageorgiou, E, Dervenoulas, J (2010 Jan 1). "The role of microRNAs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.". European journal of haematology 84 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2009.01348.x. PMID 19744129.
- ^ Kuehbacher A, Urbich C, Dimmeler S (2008). "Targeting microRNA expression to regulate angiogenesis.". Trends Pharmacol Sci 29 (1): 12–5. PMID 18068232.
- ^ Urbich C, Kuehbacher A, Dimmeler S (2008). "Role of microRNAs in vascular diseases, inflammation, and angiogenesis.". Cardiovasc Res 79 (4): 581–8. PMID 18550634.
- ^ a b Santhekadur PK, Das SK, Gredler R, Chen D, Srivastava J, Robertson C, Baldwin AS, Fisher PB, Sarkar D (2012). "Multifunction protein staphylococcal nuclease domain containing 1 (SND1) promotes tumor angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma through novel pathway that involves nuclear factor κB and miR-221.". J Biol Chem 287 (17): 13952–8. PMID 22396537.
- ^ Nicoli S, Knyphausen CP, Zhu LJ, Lakshmanan A, Lawson ND (2012). "miR-221 is required for endothelial tip cell behaviors during vascular development.". Dev Cell 22 (2): 418–29. PMID 22340502.
- ^ Le Bot, Nathalie (2). "MicroRNAs in angiogenesis". Nat Cell Biol. 14 (4): 342.
- ^ Yoo BK, Santhekadur PK, Gredler R, Chen D, Emdad L, Bhutia S, Pannell L, Fisher PB, Sarkar D (2011). "Increased RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) activity contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma.". Hepatology 53 (5): 1538–48. PMID 21520169.
[edit] Further reading
- Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhang A, Wang Y, Han L, You Y, Pu P, Kang C (2010). "PUMA is a novel target of miR-221/222 in human epithelial cancers.". Int J Oncol 37 (6): 1621–6. PMID 21042732.
- Pu XX, Huang GL, Guo HQ, Guo CC, Li H, Ye S, Ling S, Jiang L, Tian Y, Lin TY (2010). "Circulating miR-221 directly amplified from plasma is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker of colorectal cancer and is correlated with p53 expression.". J Gastroenterol Hepatol 25 (10): 1674–80. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06417.x. PMID 20880178.
- Kedde M, van Kouwenhove M, Zwart W, Oude Vrielink JA, Elkon R, Agami R (2010). "A Pumilio-induced RNA structure switch in p27-3' UTR controls miR-221 and miR-222 accessibility.". Nat Cell Biol 12 (10): 1014–20. doi:10.1038/ncb2105. PMID 20818387.
- Zhang CZ, Zhang JX, Zhang AL, Shi ZD, Han L, Jia ZF, Yang WD, Wang GX, Jiang T, You YP, Pu PY, Cheng JQ, Kang CS (2010). "MiR-221 and miR-222 target PUMA to induce cell survival in glioblastoma.". Mol Cancer 9: 229. doi:10.1186/1476-4598-9-229. PMC 2939570. PMID 20813046. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2939570/.
- Dai R, Li J, Liu Y, Yan D, Chen S, Duan C, Liu X, He T, Li H (2010). "miR-221/222 suppression protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis via p27(Kip1)- and MEK/ERK-mediated cell cycle regulation". Biol Chem 391 (7): 791–801. doi:10.1515/BC.2010.072. PMID 20624000.
- Chun-Zhi Z, Lei H, An-Ling Z, Yan-Chao F, Xiao Y, Guang-Xiu W, Zhi-Fan J, Pei-Yu P, Qing-Yu Z, Chun-Sheng K (2010). "MicroRNA-221 and microRNA-222 regulate gastric carcinoma cell proliferation and radioresistance by targeting PTEN". BMC Cancer 10: 367. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-10-367. PMC 2914702. PMID 20618998. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2914702/.
- Kim D, Song J, Jin EJ (2010). "MicroRNA-221 regulates chondrogenic differentiation through promoting proteosomal degradation of slug by targeting Mdm2". J Biol Chem 285 (35): 26900–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.115105. PMC 2930689. PMID 20576614. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2930689/.
- Das SK, Sokhi UK, Bhutia SK, Azab B, Su ZZ, Sarkar D, Fisher PB (2010). "Human polynucleotide phosphorylase selectively and preferentially degrades microRNA-221 in human melanoma cells". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107 (26): 11948–53. doi:10.1073/pnas.0914143107. PMC 2900648. PMID 20547861. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2900648/.
- Chen Y, Banda M, Speyer CL, Smith JS, Rabson AB, Gorski DH (2010). "Regulation of the expression and activity of the antiangiogenic homeobox gene GAX/MEOX2 by ZEB2 and microRNA-221". Mol Cell Biol 30 (15): 3902–13. doi:10.1128/MCB.01237-09. PMC 2916411. PMID 20516212. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2916411/.
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- Zhang C, Han L, Zhang A, Yang W, Zhou X, Pu P, Du Y, Zeng H, Kang C (2010). "Global changes of mRNA expression reveals an increased activity of the interferon-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway by repression of miR-221/222 in glioblastoma U251 cells". Int J Oncol 36 (6): 1503–12. PMID 20428775.
- Gabbianelli M, Testa U, Morsilli O, Pelosi E, Saulle E, Petrucci E, Castelli G, Giovinazzi S, Mariani G, Fiori ME, Bonanno G, Massa A, Croce CM, Fontana L, Peschle C (2010). "Mechanism of human Hb switching: a possible role of the kit receptor/miR 221-222 complex". Haematologica 95 (8): 1253–60. doi:10.3324/haematol.2009.018259. PMC 2913072. PMID 20305142. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2913072/.
- Frenquelli M, Muzio M, Scielzo C, Fazi C, Scarfò L, Rossi C, Ferrari G, Ghia P, Caligaris-Cappio F (2010). "MicroRNA and proliferation control in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: functional relationship between miR-221/222 cluster and p27". Blood 115 (19): 3949–59. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-11-254656. PMID 20203269.
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- Fu X, Wang Q, Chen J, Huang X, Chen X, Cao L, Tan H, Li W, Zhang L, Bi J, Su Q, Chen L (2010). "Clinical significance of miR-221 and its inverse correlation with p27(Kip1) in hepatocellular carcinoma". Mol Biol Rep 38 (5): 3029–3035. doi:10.1007/s11033-010-9969-5. PMID 20146005.
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- Pineau P, Volinia S, McJunkin K, Marchio A, Battiston C, Terris B, Mazzaferro V, Lowe SW, Croce CM, Dejean A (2010). "miR-221 overexpression contributes to liver tumorigenesis". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107 (1): 264–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0907904107. PMC 2806773. PMID 20018759. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2806773/.
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- Zhang C, Wang G, Kang C, Du Y, Pu P (2009). "[Up-regulation of p27(kip1) by miR-221/222 antisense oligonucleotides enhances the radiosensitivity of U251 glioblastoma]". Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 26 (6): 634–8. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2009.06.006. PMID 19953484.
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- Kotani A, Ha D, Hsieh J, Rao PK, Schotte D, den Boer ML, Armstrong SA, Lodish HF (2009). "miR-128b is a potent glucocorticoid sensitizer in MLL-AF4 acute lymphocytic leukemia cells and exerts cooperative effects with miR-221". Blood 114 (19): 4169–78. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-12-191619. PMC 2774553. PMID 19749093. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2774553/.
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