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miR-224 is a family of microRNA precursors found in mammals, including humans. The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer.
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miR-224 is a family of microRNA precursors found in mammals, including humans. The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer.[1]
[edit] Function
miR-224, being located on the X-chromosome, is thought to be active in mammalian ovaries, and possibly responds to TGF beta 1.[2] A target of miR-224 has been predicted to be SMAD4. Experimental evidence has shown that while the SMAD4 mRNA level is unchanged, increased miR-224 expression decreases concentration of SMDA4 protein in murine granulosa cells.[3] This is consistent with post-transcriptional miRNA regulation.[2]
[edit] Role in cancer
miR-224 has been noted as the most upregulated microRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma.[4] The same study identified a target of mir-224 as apoptosis-inhibitor 5 (API-5).[4]
miR-224 has also been linked with pancreatic ductal carcinoma, where it is thought to repress CD40 expression in cancer cells.[5]
[edit] References
- ^ Ambros, V (2001-12-28). "microRNAs: tiny regulators with great potential.". Cell 107 (7): 823–6. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00616-X. PMID 11779458.
- ^ a b Christenson, LK (2010-07-01). "MicroRNA control of ovarian function.". Animal reproduction / Colegio Brasileiro de Reproducao Animal 7 (3): 129–133. PMC 3111027. PMID 21666774. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3111027.
- ^ Yao, G; Yin, M, Lian, J, Tian, H, Liu, L, Li, X, Sun, F (2010 Mar). "MicroRNA-224 is involved in transforming growth factor-beta-mediated mouse granulosa cell proliferation and granulosa cell function by targeting Smad4.". Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 24 (3): 540–51. doi:10.1210/me.2009-0432. PMID 20118412.
- ^ a b Wang, Y; Lee, AT, Ma, JZ, Wang, J, Ren, J, Yang, Y, Tantoso, E, Li, KB, Ooi, LL, Tan, P, Lee, CG (2008-05-09). "Profiling microRNA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals microRNA-224 up-regulation and apoptosis inhibitor-5 as a microRNA-224-specific target.". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 283 (19): 13205–15. doi:10.1074/jbc.M707629200. PMID 18319255.
- ^ Mees, ST; Mardin, WA, Sielker, S, Willscher, E, Senninger, N, Schleicher, C, Colombo-Benkmann, M, Haier, J (2009 Aug). "Involvement of CD40 targeting miR-224 and miR-486 on the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.". Annals of Surgical Oncology 16 (8): 2339–50. doi:10.1245/s10434-009-0531-4. PMID 19475450.
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