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miR-214 is a family of microRNA precursors found in animals, including humans. The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer. This sequence then associates with RISC which effects RNA interference.
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miR-214 is a family of microRNA precursors found in animals, including humans. The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer.[1] This sequence then associates with RISC which effects RNA interference.[2]
[edit] Function
miR-214 is a "melano-miR",[3] so-called because it is thought to encourage the metastasis of melanoma. Specifically, the mature microRNA excised from miR-214 is predicted to target two activating protein 2 transcription factors, bringing about downstream effects on a number of genes regulating vital cell cycle processes, such as apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis.[3]
miR-214 is also thought to regulate type-I collagen.[4]
[edit] Role in cancer
miR-214 has been found to be downregulated in human cervical cancer; when miR-214 was upregulated in HeLa cancer cells, it was found to significantly reduce cell growth.[5] Two mRNA targets were identified as those encoding the proteins MAP2K3 and MAPK8.[5]
The increased expression of miR-214 in pancreatic cancer could bring about increased resistance to chemotherapy.[6]
In human glioma cell line T98G expression of miR-214 has been shown to suppress expression of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9 (UBC9) and reduces tumour cell proliferation. The protein UBC9 is involved in the sumoylation pathway, and is up-regulated in many cancers.[7]
[edit] References
- ^ Ambros, V (2001-12-28). "microRNAs: tiny regulators with great potential.". Cell 107 (7): 823–6. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00616-X. PMID 11779458.
- ^ Gregory, RI; Chendrimada, TP, Cooch, N, Shiekhattar, R (2005-11-18). "Human RISC couples microRNA biogenesis and posttranscriptional gene silencing.". Cell 123 (4): 631–40. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.10.022. PMID 16271387.
- ^ a b Bar-Eli, M (2011-05-18). "Searching for the 'melano-miRs': miR-214 drives melanoma metastasis.". The EMBO Journal 30 (10): 1880–1. doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.132. PMID 21593728.
- ^ Maubach, G; Lim, MC, Chen, J, Yang, H, Zhuo, L (2011-06-14). "miRNA studies in in vitro and in vivo activated hepatic stellate cells.". World journal of gastroenterology : WJG 17 (22): 2748–73. doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i22. PMC 3122263. PMID 21734783. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3122263/.
- ^ a b Yang, Z; Chen, S, Luan, X, Li, Y, Liu, M, Li, X, Liu, T, Tang, H (2009 Nov). "MicroRNA-214 is aberrantly expressed in cervical cancers and inhibits the growth of HeLa cells.". IUBMB life 61 (11): 1075–82. doi:10.1002/iub.252. PMID 19859982.
- ^ Zhang, XJ; Ye, H, Zeng, CW, He, B, Zhang, H, Chen, YQ (2010-11-24). "Dysregulation of miR-15a and miR-214 in human pancreatic cancer.". Journal of hematology & oncology 3: 46. doi:10.1186/1756-8722-3-46. PMC 3002909. PMID 21106054. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3002909/.
- ^ Zhao, Z.; Tan, X.; Zhao, A.; Zhu, L.; Yin, B.; Yuan, J.; Qiang, B.; Peng, X. (2012). "MicroRNA-214-mediated UBC9 expression in glioma". BMB reports 45 (11): 641–646. PMID 23187003. edit
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